Cropping Practices and Effects on Soil Nutrient Adequacy Levels and Cassava Yield of Smallholder Farmers in Northern Zambia

Cassava is a staple food and major source of income for many smallholder farmers. However, its yields are less than 6 t ha−1 compared to potential yield 20–25 in Zambia. Understanding cropping practices constraints cassava production systems imperative sustainable intensification. Therefore, survey 40 households each with three fields at 12, 24, 36 months after planting (MAP) was conducted. Analyzed soil data, leaf area index (LAI), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, management from 120 were collected subjected descriptive statistics. To explain differences within the same growth stage group, data grouped into low- high-yield categories using median, before applying nonparametric test one independent sample. Stepwise regressions performed on whole dataset determine factors affecting tuber yield. intercropping monocropping main 12 24–36 MAP, respectively. declined by 209 633 kg MAP due nutrient depletion year cultivation until field abandonment 8–9 years. Fresh ranged 3.51–8.51, 13.52–25.84, 16.92–30.98 For every unit increment exchangeable K (cmol (+)/kg soil), increased 435, 268, 406 One magnesium soil) gave highest increase 525 24 MAP. The low levels organic carbon explained deficient nitrogen fields, which limits LAI consequently reduced radiation yields. effect limited moderate availability Mg N, thus need balanced fertilizer regimes.